St. Petersburg, Russia. |
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St. Petersburg, Russia. |
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Victory against
the Swedish
Russian settlers lived in Ingerman-land I Ingria) at the tip of the Gulf of Finland from the eighth century. Alexander of Novgorod drove off the Swedish in 1240 who ruled this thinly settled area, but in 1617 they once more annexed the territory, building fortifications along the River Neva to Lake Ladoga. The great opportunity came for Czar Peter the Great with the start of the Northern War (1700-1721). One night he came with boats across Lake Ladoga, conquered the Noteburg fortifications at the point at which the Neva flows from the lake - today's Petrokrepost - and shortly after this took Nyenschanz on the lower reaches of the river. Peter did not delay in laying the foundation stone for the Peter and Paul fortress on the Sajatski Island in the mouth of the Neva. In the following year work began on the admiralty wharf diagonally opposite. The settlement, fortress, and wharf were quickly constructed. The new town was built on wooden piles using Amsterdam as an example. The grueling work was carried out by forced labor and many lost their lives. They say St. Petersburg is built on men's bones. Although initially the marsh area was only populated by small wooden houses Peter moved his capital here from Moscow in 1712. The Czar compelled both aristocracy and citizens to resettle on the Baltic from deep inside Russia. The first masonry building, which is still standing, was constructed in 1710 for Prince Alexander Danilovski Menskikov, the first governor. Following the Peace of Nystad in 1721 architects came from throughout Europe to create a unique and extensive collection of fine buildings: Baroque and Rococo in the eighteenth century and Classical in the nineteenth century. Only ruins remained of the many magnificent buildings of the inner city when troops besieged and bombarded the then Leningrad between 1941 and 1944 for 900 days. After the war the Soviets undertook tremendous efforts to rebuild the Czar's city and give it back its for- mer sparkle. By 1960 the city once more radiated its full beauty  According to the latest census, taken in 2000, 4,695,000 people currently live in St. Petersburg. CLIMATE
The region varies from a
marine to a continental climate, mild and humid, with a significant amount
of cloudy weather, frequent mists and substantial rainfall. In summer the
city enjoys periods of hot, dry weather when the temperature can reach
35 degrees C. The average temperature in winter is - 7.8 degrees C.
 You should always have identification. It is advisable to carry photocopies of your passport and visa, showing that they have been registered. Frequent random checks by police are taking place, more usually on men. Besides passport and visa are wanted to change money, and to buy train tickets, book hotel rooms and in numerous other situations.
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