There are two types of public phone in Amsterdam: the orange and gray kind and the green kind.  Both of these take a phone card, but not the same one.  The green phones only take a card.  Orange and gray phones take coins, most major credit cards, and a card called the Telefort card.
To call the Netherlands from the US, dial 1 + 31 + the correct city code (minus the first zero).  City codes are as follows: Amsterdam, (0)20; Rotterdam, (0)10; Utrecht, (0)30; Maastricht, (0)43; The Hague, (0)70.
To contact the Netherlands police in a non-emergency situation, you can dial (+31)(0)900 88 44, but be aware that this is not a toll-free number!

Galleries
Amsterdam’s galleries are mostly located in the Spiegelkwartier.  Two good ones (for very different reasons) are Electric Ladyland, The First Museum of Florescent Art, Tweede Leliedwarsstraat 5 (420 37 76) open Tu-Sa 1pm-6pm, 5E, and WALLS, Prinsengracht 737 (616 95 97) open Tu-Fr 10am-6pm, a space for contemporary multi-media art.

De Oude Kerk (The Old Church) 
De Oude Kerk (The Old Church) was built in the Roman style in the 1200’s, but only finished in the 15th century. Skasia Rembrandt, the wife of the master-painter, is buried here. 

The Great Canals 
There’s almost no way a visitor could miss seeing these three big brothers—the Herengracht, Prinsengracht, and Keisersgracht (the Lord’s, Prince’s, and King’s canals, respectively)—whose concentric rings flow through the center of Amsterdam and whose banks are this city’s Park Avenue. But just in case you were inclined not to investigate them, know that they are home to the finest mansions in town and some of the quirkiest gargoyles and most romantic bridges.

The Westerkerk (the West Church) 
The Westerkerk (the West Church) has Amsterdam’s highest tower, which visitors may climb during summer months. The church was consecrated in 1631, and Anne Frank reports listening to its bells while she and her family hid in a townhouse just across the canal. 

The Rembrandthuis (The Rembrandt House) 
The Rembrandthuis (The Rembrandt House) is the home where Rembrandt lived for over 20 years and bankrupted himself in the process. 

The Rjiksmuseum 
The Rjiksmuseum is Amsterdam’s grandest, most traditional museum of history and art. Rembrandt: the name says it all. Invest a whole day in wandering its hardwood floors. 

The Anne Frank Huis (The Anne Frank House) 
The Anne Frank Huis (The Anne Frank House) contains the immensely popular commemorative display of photos and writings from Anne Frank’s diary. Depending on your mood, it can either seem like a tourist feeding-frenzy or a heart-rending and faithful description of Anne’s life. Be prepared for crowds. 
 

Vondel Park 
What should you do if you’ve exhausted all the touristy possibilities in Amsterdam?  Take your tired feet over to the beautiful Vondel Park, where you can lounge on the grass, play a game of Frisbee, take a bike ride around the park at dusk, catch a free outdoor concert, or visit the world-renowned Filmmuseum, Vondel Park 3 (589 14 00) www.filmmuseum.nl.  Don’t worry, you’re not required to go inside, just grab a seat on the popular terrace, where you can relax among weeping willows and beautiful people.

The city’s market culture dates back to the early 18th century with the first stall set up in the Jewish Quarter in 1783. Today, there are 12 daily outdoor markets, 15 markets which are open one or two days of the week and several markets which open on a certain day of the season. Most are open during normal shopping hours so weather permitting, you can shop to your hearts’ content. Of course while you are pursuing through the items, always keep your eye on your belongings, as markets are every pick-pocketers paradise.

There are some great markets to choose, located mostly in the centre of town. Whatever you are into, you are most likely to find it at one of the many markets- whether its general domestic appliances and other household goods or speciality produce such as cheeses or bread. All items are individually priced but if you are really daring, go down to the Waterlooplein Flea Market, one of the few markets in Amsterdam where haggling is commonplace, for your flowers or plants visit the Flower Market – Bloemenmarkt, and for your biological food check the Farmer’s market - Boerenmarkt (on Noordermarkt).

The most important Amsterdam´s markets are:

Antiekmarkt De Looier
One of the few covered markets in Amsterdam
Speciality: Antiques, art, curios, furniture, jewellery, clothing, silverware, general goods
Located: Elandsgracht 109, 1016 TT
Tram: Elandsgracht: tram 7, 10, 17 & 20
Open: Thursday - Saturday 11.00 am - 5.00 pm

Art Plein Spui
Market where artist sell their works of art.
Speciality: Original prints, small oil paintings. 
Located: Spui Plein, 1012 WZ
Tram: Het Spui: tram 1, 2, 5, 13, 17 & 20
Open: Sunday 10.00 am - 3.00 pm (not in winter)

Bloemenmarkt
The only floating flower market in the world
Speciality: Flowers, seeds, bulbs and rare flowers such as black tulips
Located: Singel, 1071 AZ
Tram: Muntplein: tram 4, 9, 14, 16, 24 & 25
Open: Monday - Saturday 9.30 am - 5.00 pm

Farmer's Market, Noordermarkt - Boerenmarkt
(Biological Fresh Food Market - Biologische versmarkt).
Biological food, fresh fruits, cheese and cakes, snacks. The most popular Amsterdam market at the moment. Speciality: Mushrooms, biological food, cheese, fresh fish, herbs.
Located: Noordermarkt, 1015 MV
Tram: Westermarkt -tram 13 & 17 or Marnixbad - tram 3 & 10
Open: Saturday 9.00 am - 3.00 pm 

Dappermarkt
Amsterdam’s cheapest market
Speciality: Clothes, food, general goods
Located: Dapperstraat, 1093 BK
Tram: Eerste van Swindenstraat: tram 9 & 14
Open: Monday - Saturday 9.00 am - 4.00 pm

Lindengracht market
Saturday food and folwers market, next to the Noordermakt – usual weekend shopping place for people who live in Amsterdam. Also bicycles, cosmetics and small objects you might need at home.
Speciality: Food, general goods, bicycles and bicycle parts, shoes, DVD´s.
Located: Lindengracht, 1015 KJ
Tram: Marnixbad: tram 3 & 10
Open: Saturday 9.00 am - 4.00 pm

Poszegelmarkt
A collector’s market
Speciality: Stamps, coins, old postcards, commemorative medals
Located: Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 280, 1012 RL
Tram: Het Spui: tram 1, 2, 5, 13, 17 & 20
Open: Wedsnesday & Sunday 11.00 am – 4.00 pm

Waterlooplein Flea Market
Flea market, an unique 300-stall outdoor bazaar is full of curiosa, general bric-a-brac, second-hand clothing, CDs, DVDs, appliances and other brand new and used goods. Speciality: Second-hand clothes, curiosa.
Located: Waterlooplein, 1011 PG
Tram: 1, 2, 5, 13 from Magna Plaza or 14 from Central Station
Open: Monday - Friday 9.00 am - 5.30 pm; Saturday: 8.30 am –5.30 pm.

Westerstraat market
Best market for clothes and small objects. Often the products from the shops which went bankrupt are sold here. Open only on Monday morning. Also a small flea market – just at the church on the Noordermarkt. 
Speciality: Clothes and shoes (often by big names in fashion), small objects, general goods, textiles.
Located: Westerstraat, 1015 ML
Tram: Marnixbad: tram 3 & 10
Open: Monday 9.00 am - 13.00 pm